Granite-Embedding-107m-multilingual
Model Summary:
Granite-Embedding-107M-Multilingual is a 107M parameter dense biencoder embedding model from the Granite Embeddings suite that can be used to generate high quality text embeddings. This model produces embedding vectors of size 384 and is trained using a combination of open source relevance-pair datasets with permissive, enterprise-friendly license, and IBM collected and generated datasets. This model is developed using contrastive finetuning, knowledge distillation and model merging for improved performance.
Supported Languages:
English, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Arabic, Czech, Italian, Korean, Dutch, and Chinese. Users may finetune Granite-Embedding-107M-Multilingual for languages beyond these 12 languages.
Intended use:
The model is designed to produce fixed length vector representations for a given text, which can be used for text similarity, retrieval, and search applications.
Usage with Sentence Transformers:
The model is compatible with SentenceTransformer library and is very easy to use:
First, install the sentence transformers library
The model can then be used to encode pairs of text and find the similarity between their representations
Usage with Huggingface Transformers:
This is a simple example of how to use the Granite-Embedding-107m-Multilingual model with the Transformers library and PyTorch.
First, install the required libraries
The model can then be used to encode pairs of text
Evaluation:
The average performance of the Granite-Embedding-107M-Multilingual on Multilingual Miracl (across 18 langauges), Mintaka Retrieval (across 8 languages) and MTEB Retrieval for English (across 15 tasks), German (across 4 tasks), Spanish (across 2 tasks), Frenc (across 5 tasks), Japanese (across 2 tasks), Arabic (1 task), Korean (1 task) and Chinese (across 8 tasks) is reported below. Granite-Embedding-107M-Multilingual is twice as fast as other models with similar embedding dimensions.
Model Architecture:
Granite-Embedding-107m-Multilingual is based on an encoder-only XLM-RoBERTa like transformer architecture, trained internally at IBM Research.
Training Data:
Overall, the training data consists of four key sources: (1) unsupervised title-body paired data scraped from the web, (2) publicly available paired with permissive, enterprise-friendly license, (3) IBM-internal paired data targetting specific technical domains, and (4) IBM-generated synthetic data. The data is listed below:
Notably, we do not use the popular MS-MARCO retrieval dataset in our training corpus due to its non-commercial license, while other open-source models train on this dataset due to its high quality.
Infrastructure:
We train Granite Embedding Models using IBM's computing cluster, Cognitive Compute Cluster, which is outfitted with NVIDIA A100 80gb GPUs. This cluster provides a scalable and efficient infrastructure for training our models over multiple GPUs.
Ethical Considerations and Limitations:
The data used to train the base language model was filtered to remove text containing hate, abuse, and profanity. Granite-Embedding-107m-Multilingual is finetuned on 12 languages, and has a context length of 512 tokens (longer texts will be truncated to this size).
Resources