Supra2-Medium Base
Ultra-efficient base model • 25M Parameters • 1K Context
Supra2-Medium Base is a 25M-parameter decoder-only language model pretrained from scratch by SupraLabs on 20B tokens of English web text. It uses the Qwen3 architecture with a custom 16,384-token tokenizer.
This is a base model. It has not been instruction-tuned, chat-tuned, or aligned in any way.
At only 25 million parameters, Supra2-Medium demonstrates that meaningful language modeling can be achieved with extreme parameter efficiency—trained at ~800 tokens per parameter, which is significantly higher than typical pretraining ratios. This makes it ideal for research into data-efficient scaling and ultra-lightweight deployments.
Let the model speak - a sample
Prompt: "Artificial intelligence (AI) is "
Completion:
Evaluation & Benchmarks
All benchmarks were evaluated using the EleutherAI LM-Eval Harness.
Final Train Loss: 3.2469 (no eval loss available)
Note: The model shows strong performance relative to its size, particularly given the high token-per-parameter ratio. It even strongly competes with our previous 50M model!
Model Details
Architecture
Training Data
Documents were tokenized with the custom tokenizer_16k, concatenated into a flat uint16 token stream, and packed into contiguous 1,024-token chunks (no padding, no document masking — sequences may cross document boundaries).
Training Procedure
Key Design Decisions
- High token-per-parameter ratio: At 800 tokens/param, this model pushes the boundaries of data efficiency for small models
- Compact vocabulary: 16K vocab reduces embedding overhead while maintaining coverage
- Tied embeddings: Reduces parameter count and improves training stability
- Multi-head attention (MHA): Unlike larger Supra2 models using GQA, this architecture uses standard MHA for simplicity at this scale
- No sliding window: Full attention within the 1K context
Usage
Tokenizer notes
The model uses a custom 16,384-token vocabulary optimized for English web text. The tokenizer is shared across the Supra2 family's smaller models for consistency and efficient multi-task fine-tuning.
Intended Use
Intended:
- Research on extreme parameter efficiency and data-efficient pretraining
- Ultra-lightweight edge deployments where memory is severely constrained
- Educational use for understanding transformer architectures at minimal scale
- Starting point for domain-specific fine-tuning when compute resources are limited
- Ablation studies on small model behavior and scaling laws
Not intended:
- Production deployment for critical applications
- Factual question answering or knowledge-intensive tasks
- Long-form coherent generation beyond a few paragraphs
- Non-English text (trained exclusively on English)
- Any application requiring safety guarantees or alignment
Limitations and Bias
- Very small. At 25M parameters, the model has extremely limited capacity. Expect frequent hallucinations, factual errors, repetitive outputs, and poor reasoning.
- Base model. No RLHF, no safety tuning, no refusal behavior. It will continue whatever text you give it, including harmful or offensive prompts.
- Web-derived data. FineWeb-Edu is a filtered CommonCrawl derivative and carries the biases, stereotypes, and factual errors of the open web.
- Short context. Trained exclusively at 1,024 tokens. Extrapolation beyond this length is untested and likely degraded.
- No document masking. Attention could cross document boundaries within a packed chunk, which slightly blurs document independence.
- English only. Performance on other languages will be poor to non-existent.
- High token-per-parameter ratio. While efficient, training at 800 tok/param means the model may be under-trained compared to models trained at lower ratios (e.g., 300 tok/param).
Performance Characteristics
Despite its tiny size, Supra2-Medium achieves surprisingly coherent short-form generation. Key observations:
- Strengths: Basic grammar, simple factoids, short completions, pattern matching
- Weaknesses: Complex reasoning, arithmetic, long-range coherence, factual accuracy, nuanced understanding
- Best use case: Generating 1-3 sentence completions, simple text transformations, educational demonstrations
Future work includes instruction-tuned variants and exploration of even more efficient architectures at this scale.
© SupraLabs 2026