Qwen/Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B

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Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B

Highlights

The Qwen3-VL-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Reranker model series are the latest additions to the Qwen family, built upon the recently open-sourced and powerful Qwen3-VL foundation model. Specifically designed for multimodal information retrieval and cross-modal understanding, this suite accepts diverse inputs including text, images, screenshots, and videos, as well as inputs containing a mixture of these modalities.

While the Embedding model generates high-dimensional vectors for broad applications like retrieval and clustering, the Reranker model is engineered to refine these results, establishing a comprehensive pipeline for state-of-the-art multimodal search.

Multimodal Versatility: Both models seamlessly handle a wide range of inputs—including text, images, screenshots, and video—within a unified framework. They deliver state-of-the-art performance across diverse multimodal tasks such as image-text retrieval, video-text matching, visual question answering (VQA), and multimodal content clustering.
Unified Representation Learning (Embedding): By leveraging the Qwen3-VL architecture, the Embedding model generates semantically rich vectors that capture both visual and textual information in a shared space. This facilitates efficient similarity computation and retrieval across different modalities.
High-Precision Reranking (Reranker): We also introduce the Qwen3-VL-Reranker series to complement the embedding model. The reranker takes a (query, document) pair as input—where both query and document may contain arbitrary single or mixed modalities—and outputs a precise relevance score. In retrieval pipelines, the two models are typically used in tandem: the embedding model performs efficient initial recall, while the reranker refines results in a subsequent re-ranking stage. This two-stage approach significantly boosts retrieval accuracy.
Exceptional Practicality: Inheriting Qwen3-VL’s multilingual capabilities, the series supports over 30 languages, making it ideal for global applications. It is highly practical for real-world scenarios, offering flexible vector dimensions, customizable instructions for specific use cases, and strong performance even with quantized embeddings. These capabilities enable developers to seamlessly integrate both models into existing pipelines, unlocking powerful cross-lingual and cross-modal understanding.

Model Overview

Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B has the following features:

Model Type: MultiModal Embedding
Supported Languages: 30+ Languages
Supported Input Modalities: Text, images, screenshots, videos, and arbitrary multimodal combinations (e.g., text + image, text + video)
Number of Parameters: 2B
Context Length: 32k
Embedding Dimension: Up to 2048, supports user-defined output dimensions ranging from 64 to 2048

For more details, including benchmark evaluation, hardware requirements, and inference performance, please refer to our technical report, blog, GitHub.

Qwen3-VL-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Reranker Model list

Model	Size	Model Layers	Sequence Length	Embedding Dimension	Quantization Support	MRL Support	Instruction Aware
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B	2B	28	32K	2048	Yes	Yes	Yes
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-8B	8B	36	32K	4096	Yes	Yes	Yes
Qwen3-VL-Reranker-2B	2B	28	32K	-	-	-	Yes
Qwen3-VL-Reranker-8B	8B	36	32K	-	-	-	Yes

Note:

Quantization Support indicates the supported quantization post process for the output embedding.

MRL Support indicates whether the embedding model supports custom dimensions for the final embedding.

Instruction Aware notes whether the embedding or reranking model supports customizing the input instruction according to different tasks. Our evaluation indicates that, for most downstream tasks, using instructions (instruct) typically yields an improvement of 1% to 5% compared to not using them. Therefore, we recommend that developers create tailored instructions specific to their tasks and scenarios. In multilingual contexts, we also advise users to write their instructions in English, as most instructions utilized during the model training process were originally written in English.

Model Performance

Evaluation Results on MMEB-V2

Results on the MMEB-V2 benchmark. All models except IFM-TTE have been re-evaluated on the updated VisDoc OOD split. CLS: classification, QA: question answering, RET: retrieval, GD: grounding, MRET: moment retrieval, VDR: ViDoRe, VR: VisRAG, OOD: out-of-distribution.

Model	Model Size	Image CLS	Image QA	Image RET	Image GD	Image Overall	Video CLS	Video QA	Video RET	Video MRET	Video Overall	VisDoc VDRv1	VisDoc VDRv2	VisDoc VR	VisDoc OOD	VisDoc Overall	All
# of Datasets →		10	10	12	4	36	5	5	5	3	18	10	4	6	4	24	78
VLM2Vec	2B	58.7	49.3	65.0	72.9	59.7	33.4	30.5	20.6	30.7	28.6	49.8	13.5	51.8	48.2	44.0	47.7
VLM2Vec-V2	2B	62.9	56.3	69.5	77.3	64.9	39.3	34.3	28.8	36.8	34.6	75.5	44.9	79.4	62.2	69.2	59.2
GME-2B	2B	54.4	29.9	66.9	55.5	51.9	34.9	42.0	25.6	31.1	33.6	86.1	54.0	82.5	67.5	76.8	55.3
GME-7B	7B	57.7	34.7	71.2	59.3	56.0	37.4	50.4	28.4	37.0	38.4	89.4	55.6	85.0	68.3	79.3	59.1
Ops-MM-embedding-v1	8B	69.7	69.6	73.1	87.2	72.7	59.7	62.2	45.7	43.2	53.8	80.1	59.6	79.3	67.8	74.4	68.9
IFM-TTE	8B	76.7	78.5	74.6	89.3	77.9	60.5	67.9	51.7	54.9	59.2	85.2	71.5	92.7	53.3	79.5	74.1
RzenEmbed	8B	70.6	71.7	78.5	92.1	75.9	58.8	63.5	51.0	45.5	55.7	89.7	60.7	88.7	69.9	81.3	72.9
Seed-1.6-embedding-1215	unknown	75.0	74.9	79.3	89.0	78.0	85.2	66.7	59.1	54.8	67.7	90.0	60.3	90.0	70.7	82.2	76.9
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B	2B	70.3	74.3	74.8	88.5	75.0	71.9	64.9	53.9	53.3	61.9	84.4	65.3	86.4	69.4	79.2	73.2
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-8B	8B	74.2	81.1	80.2	92.3	80.1	78.4	71.0	58.7	56.1	67.1	87.2	69.9	88.7	73.3	82.4	77.8

Evaluation Results on MMTEB

Results on the MMTEB benchmark.

Model	Size	Mean (Task)	Mean (Type)	Bitxt Mining	Class.	Clust.	Inst. Retri.	Multi. Class.	Pair. Class.	Rerank	Retri.	STS
NV-Embed-v2	7B	56.29	49.58	57.84	57.29	40.80	1.04	18.63	78.94	63.82	56.72	71.10
GritLM-7B	7B	60.92	53.74	70.53	61.83	49.75	3.45	22.77	79.94	63.78	58.31	73.33
BGE-M3	0.6B	59.56	52.18	79.11	60.35	40.88	-3.11	20.1	80.76	62.79	54.60	74.12
multilingual-e5-large-instruct	0.6B	63.22	55.08	80.13	64.94	50.75	-0.40	22.91	80.86	62.61	57.12	76.81
gte-Qwen2-1.5B-instruct	1.5B	59.45	52.69	62.51	58.32	52.05	0.74	24.02	81.58	62.58	60.78	71.61
gte-Qwen2-7b-Instruct	7B	62.51	55.93	73.92	61.55	52.77	4.94	25.48	85.13	65.55	60.08	73.98
text-embedding-3-large	-	58.93	51.41	62.17	60.27	46.89	-2.68	22.03	79.17	63.89	59.27	71.68
Cohere-embed-multilingual-v3.0	-	61.12	53.23	70.50	62.95	46.89	-1.89	22.74	79.88	64.07	59.16	74.80
Gemini Embedding	-	68.37	59.59	79.28	71.82	54.59	5.18	29.16	83.63	65.58	67.71	79.40
Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B	0.6B	64.33	56.00	72.22	66.83	52.33	5.09	24.59	80.83	61.41	64.64	76.17
Qwen3-Embedding-4B	4B	69.45	60.86	79.36	72.33	57.15	11.56	26.77	85.05	65.08	69.60	80.86
Qwen3-Embedding-8B	8B	70.58	61.69	80.89	74.00	57.65	10.06	28.66	86.40	65.63	70.88	81.08
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B	2B	63.87	55.84	69.51	65.86	52.50	3.87	26.08	78.50	64.80	67.12	74.29
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-8B	8B	67.88	58.88	77.48	71.95	55.82	4.46	28.59	81.08	65.72	69.41	75.41

Usage

Sentence Transformers

Install Sentence Transformers with pip install sentence-transformers, then use the model like this:

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Load the modelmodel = SentenceTransformer("Qwen/Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B")
# Text queriesqueries = [    "A woman playing with her dog on a beach at sunset.",    "Pet owner training dog outdoors near water.",    "Woman surfing on waves during a sunny day.",    "City skyline view from a high-rise building at night.",]
# Documents: text, image, and text+imagedocuments = [    "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust.",    "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg",    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust.", "image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"},]
# Encode queries and documentsquery_embeddings = model.encode(queries)doc_embeddings = model.encode(documents)print(query_embeddings.shape, doc_embeddings.shape)# (4, 2048) (3, 2048)
# Compute similaritiessimilarities = model.similarity(query_embeddings, doc_embeddings)print(similarities)# tensor([[0.8160, 0.7155, 0.7054],#         [0.5173, 0.3295, 0.4446],#         [0.3863, 0.2987, 0.3312],#         [0.1061, 0.0433, 0.0839]])

By default, all inputs are wrapped with the "Represent the user's input." instruction via a system prompt. You can customize this by passing a different prompt:

Using transformers

requirements

Basic Usage Example

python

from scripts.qwen3_vl_embedding import Qwen3VLEmbedderimport numpy as npimport torch
# Define a list of query textsqueries = [    {"text": "A woman playing with her dog on a beach at sunset."},    {"text": "Pet owner training dog outdoors near water."},    {"text": "Woman surfing on waves during a sunny day."},    {"text": "City skyline view from a high-rise building at night."}]
# Define a list of document texts and imagesdocuments = [    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust."},    {"image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"},    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust.", "image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"}]
# Specify the model pathmodel_name_or_path = "Qwen/Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B"
# Initialize the Qwen3VLEmbedder modelmodel = Qwen3VLEmbedder(model_name_or_path=model_name_or_path)# We recommend enabling flash_attention_2 for better acceleration and memory saving,# model = Qwen3VLEmbedder(model_name_or_path=model_name_or_path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, attn_implementation="flash_attention_2")
# Combine queries and documents into a single input listinputs = queries + documents
# Process the inputs to get embeddingsembeddings = model.process(inputs)
# Compute similarity scores between query embeddings and document embeddingssimilarity_scores = (embeddings[:4] @ embeddings[4:].T)
# Print out the similarity scores in a list formatprint(similarity_scores.tolist())
# [[0.8157786130905151, 0.7178360223770142, 0.7173429131507874], [0.5195091962814331, 0.3302568793296814, 0.4391537308692932], [0.3884059488773346, 0.285782128572464, 0.33141762018203735], [0.1092604324221611, 0.03871120512485504, 0.06952016055583954]]

For more usage examples, please visit our GitHub repository.

vLLM Basic Usage Example

python

import argparseimport numpy as npimport osfrom typing import List, Dict, Anyfrom vllm import LLM, EngineArgsfrom vllm.multimodal.utils import fetch_image

# Define a list of query textsqueries = [    {"text": "A woman playing with her dog on a beach at sunset."},    {"text": "Pet owner training dog outdoors near water."},    {"text": "Woman surfing on waves during a sunny day."},    {"text": "City skyline view from a high-rise building at night."}]
# Define a list of document texts and imagesdocuments = [    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust."},    {"image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"},    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust.", "image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"}]
def format_input_to_conversation(input_dict: Dict[str, Any], instruction: str = "Represent the user's input.") -> List[Dict]:    content = []        text = input_dict.get('text')    image = input_dict.get('image')        if image:        image_content = None        if isinstance(image, str):            if image.startswith(('http', 'https', 'oss')):                image_content = image            else:                abs_image_path = os.path.abspath(image)                image_content = 'file://' + abs_image_path        else:            image_content = image                if image_content:            content.append({                'type': 'image',                 'image': image_content,            })        if text:        content.append({'type': 'text', 'text': text})        if not content:        content.append({'type': 'text', 'text': ""})        conversation = [        {"role": "system", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": instruction}]},        {"role": "user", "content": content}    ]        return conversation
def prepare_vllm_inputs(input_dict: Dict[str, Any], llm, instruction: str = "Represent the user's input.") -> Dict[str, Any]:    text = input_dict.get('text')    image = input_dict.get('image')        conversation = format_input_to_conversation(input_dict, instruction)        prompt_text = llm.llm_engine.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(        conversation,         tokenize=False,         add_generation_prompt=True    )        multi_modal_data = None    if image:        if isinstance(image, str):            if image.startswith(('http', 'https', 'oss')):                try:                    image_obj = fetch_image(image)                    multi_modal_data = {"image": image_obj}                except Exception as e:                    print(f"Warning: Failed to fetch image {image}: {e}")            else:                abs_image_path = os.path.abspath(image)                if os.path.exists(abs_image_path):                    from PIL import Image                    image_obj = Image.open(abs_image_path)                    multi_modal_data = {"image": image_obj}                else:                    print(f"Warning: Image file not found: {abs_image_path}")        else:            multi_modal_data = {"image": image}        result = {        "prompt": prompt_text,        "multi_modal_data": multi_modal_data    }    return result
def main():    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Offline Similarity Check with vLLM")    parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="models/Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B", help="Path to the model")    parser.add_argument("--dtype", type=str, default="bfloat16", help="Data type (e.g., bfloat16)")    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(f"Loading model from {args.model_path}...")        engine_args = EngineArgs(        model=args.model_path,        runner="pooling",        dtype=args.dtype,        trust_remote_code=True,    )        llm = LLM(**vars(engine_args))        all_inputs = queries + documents    vllm_inputs = [prepare_vllm_inputs(inp, llm) for inp in all_inputs]            outputs = llm.embed(vllm_inputs)        embeddings_list = []    for i, output in enumerate(outputs):        emb = output.outputs.embedding        embeddings_list.append(emb)        print(f"Input {i} embedding shape: {len(emb)}")        embeddings = np.array(embeddings_list)    print(f"\nEmbeddings shape: {embeddings.shape}")        num_queries = len(queries)    query_embeddings = embeddings[:num_queries]    doc_embeddings = embeddings[num_queries:]        similarity_scores = query_embeddings @ doc_embeddings.T        print("\nSimilarity Scores:")    print(similarity_scores.tolist())    
if __name__ == "__main__":    main()

SGLang Basic Usage Example

python

import argparseimport numpy as npimport torchimport osfrom typing import List, Dict, Anyfrom sglang.srt.entrypoints.engine import Engine
# Define a list of query textsqueries = [    {"text": "A woman playing with her dog on a beach at sunset."},    {"text": "Pet owner training dog outdoors near water."},    {"text": "Woman surfing on waves during a sunny day."},    {"text": "City skyline view from a high-rise building at night."}]
# Define a list of document texts and imagesdocuments = [    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust."},    {"image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"},    {"text": "A woman shares a joyful moment with her golden retriever on a sun-drenched beach at sunset, as the dog offers its paw in a heartwarming display of companionship and trust.", "image": "https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen-VL/assets/demo.jpeg"}]
def format_input_to_conversation(input_dict: Dict[str, Any], instruction: str = "Represent the user's input.") -> List[Dict]:    content = []        text = input_dict.get('text')    image = input_dict.get('image')
    if image:        image_content = None        if isinstance(image, str):            if image.startswith(('http', 'oss')):                image_content = image            else:                abs_image_path = os.path.abspath(image)                image_content = 'file://' + abs_image_path        else:            image_content = image        if image_content:            content.append({                'type': 'image', 'image': image_content,            })
    if text:        content.append({'type': 'text', 'text': text})
    if not content:        content.append({'type': 'text', 'text': ""})
    conversation = [        {"role": "system", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": instruction}]},        {"role": "user", "content": content}    ]
    return conversation
def convert_to_sglang_format(input_dict: Dict[str, Any], engine: Engine, instruction: str = "Represent the user's input.") -> Dict[str, Any]:    conversation = format_input_to_conversation(input_dict, instruction)        text_for_api = engine.tokenizer_manager.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(        conversation,         tokenize=False,         add_generation_prompt=True    )
    result = {"text": text_for_api}        image = input_dict.get('image')    if image and isinstance(image, str):        result["image"] = image                    return result
def main():    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Offline Similarity Check with SGLang")    parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, default="models/Qwen3-VL-Embedding-2B", help="Path to the model")    parser.add_argument("--dtype", type=str, default="bfloat16", help="Data type (e.g., bfloat16)")    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(f"Loading model from {args.model_path}...")        engine = Engine(        model_path=args.model_path,        is_embedding=True,        dtype=args.dtype,        trust_remote_code=True,    )
    inputs = queries + documents    sglang_inputs = [convert_to_sglang_format(inp, engine) for inp in inputs]    print(sglang_inputs[:])    print(f"sglang_inputs: {sglang_inputs}")    print(f"Processing {len(sglang_inputs)} inputs...")
    prompts = [inp['text'] for inp in sglang_inputs]    images = [inp.get('image') for inp in sglang_inputs]

    results = engine.encode(prompts, image_data=images)        embeddings_list = []    for res in results:        embeddings_list.append(res['embedding'])                embeddings = np.array(embeddings_list)    print(f"Embeddings shape: {embeddings.shape}")
    num_queries = len(queries)    query_embeddings = embeddings[:num_queries]    doc_embeddings = embeddings[num_queries:]        similarity_scores = (query_embeddings @ doc_embeddings.T)
    print("\nSimilarity Scores:")    print(similarity_scores.tolist())
if __name__ == "__main__":    main()

Citation

If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.

@article{qwen3vlembedding,  title={Qwen3-VL-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Reranker: A Unified Framework for State-of-the-Art Multimodal Retrieval and Ranking},  author={Li, Mingxin and Zhang, Yanzhao and Long, Dingkun and Chen Keqin and Song, Sibo and Bai, Shuai and Yang, Zhibo and Xie, Pengjun and Yang, An and Liu, Dayiheng and Zhou, Jingren and Lin, Junyang},  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.04720},  year={2026}}