Tasks

This model is capable of performing different tasks through changing the prompts.

First, let's define a function to run a prompt.

import requests

import torch
from PIL import Image
from transformers import AutoProcessor, AutoModelForCausalLM 

device = "cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
torch_dtype = torch.float16 if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.float32

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("microsoft/Florence-2-large", torch_dtype=torch_dtype, trust_remote_code=True).to(device)
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("microsoft/Florence-2-large", trust_remote_code=True)

url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/tasks/car.jpg?download=true"
image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

def run_example(task_prompt, text_input=None):
    if text_input is None:
        prompt = task_prompt
    else:
        prompt = task_prompt + text_input
    inputs = processor(text=prompt, images=image, return_tensors="pt").to(device, torch_dtype)
    generated_ids = model.generate(
      input_ids=inputs["input_ids"],
      pixel_values=inputs["pixel_values"],
      max_new_tokens=1024,
      num_beams=3
    )
    generated_text = processor.batch_decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=False)[0]

    parsed_answer = processor.post_process_generation(generated_text, task=task_prompt, image_size=(image.width, image.height))

    print(parsed_answer)

Here are the tasks Florence-2 could perform:

Caption

prompt = "<CAPTION>"
run_example(prompt)

Detailed Caption

prompt = "<DETAILED_CAPTION>"
run_example(prompt)

More Detailed Caption

prompt = "<MORE_DETAILED_CAPTION>"
run_example(prompt)

Caption to Phrase Grounding

caption to phrase grounding task requires additional text input, i.e. caption.

Caption to phrase grounding results format: {'<CAPTION_TO_PHRASE_GROUNDING>': {'bboxes': [[x1, y1, x2, y2], ...], 'labels': ['', '', ...]}}

task_prompt = "<CAPTION_TO_PHRASE_GROUNDING>"
results = run_example(task_prompt, text_input="A green car parked in front of a yellow building.")

Object Detection

OD results format: {'<OD>': {'bboxes': [[x1, y1, x2, y2], ...], 'labels': ['label1', 'label2', ...]} }

prompt = "<OD>"
run_example(prompt)

Dense Region Caption

Dense region caption results format: {'<DENSE_REGION_CAPTION>' : {'bboxes': [[x1, y1, x2, y2], ...], 'labels': ['label1', 'label2', ...]} }

prompt = "<DENSE_REGION_CAPTION>"
run_example(prompt)

Region proposal

Dense region caption results format: {'<REGION_PROPOSAL>': {'bboxes': [[x1, y1, x2, y2], ...], 'labels': ['', '', ...]}}

prompt = "<REGION_PROPOSAL>"
run_example(prompt)

OCR

prompt = "<OCR>"
run_example(prompt)

OCR with Region

OCR with region output format: {'<OCR_WITH_REGION>': {'quad_boxes': [[x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4], ...], 'labels': ['text1', ...]}}

prompt = "<OCR_WITH_REGION>"
run_example(prompt)

Output confidence score with Object Detection

def run_example_with_score(task_prompt, text_input=None):
    if text_input is None:
        prompt = task_prompt
    else:
        prompt = task_prompt + text_input
    inputs = processor(text=prompt, images=image, return_tensors="pt").to(device, torch_dtype)
    generated_ids = model.generate(
      input_ids=inputs["input_ids"],
      pixel_values=inputs["pixel_values"],
      max_new_tokens=1024,
      num_beams=3,
      return_dict_in_generate=True,
      output_scores=True,
    )
    generated_text = processor.batch_decode(generated_ids.sequences, skip_special_tokens=False)[0]

    prediction, scores, beam_indices = generated_ids.sequences, generated_ids.scores, generated_ids.beam_indices
    transition_beam_scores = model.compute_transition_scores(
        sequences=prediction,
        scores=scores,
        beam_indices=beam_indices,
    )

    parsed_answer = processor.post_process_generation(sequence=generated_ids.sequences[0], 
        transition_beam_score=transition_beam_scores[0],
        task=task_prompt, image_size=(image.width, image.height)
    )

    print(parsed_answer)

prompt = "<OD>"
run_example_with_score(prompt)

for More detailed examples, please refer to notebook

Benchmarks

Florence-2 Zero-shot performance

The following table presents the zero-shot performance of generalist vision foundation models on image captioning and object detection evaluation tasks. These models have not been exposed to the training data of the evaluation tasks during their training phase.

The following table continues the comparison with performance on other vision-language evaluation tasks.

Florence-2 finetuned performance

We finetune Florence-2 models with a collection of downstream tasks, resulting two generalist models Florence-2-base-ft and Florence-2-large-ft that can conduct a wide range of downstream tasks.

The table below compares the performance of specialist and generalist models on various captioning and Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks. Specialist models are fine-tuned specifically for each task, whereas generalist models are fine-tuned in a task-agnostic manner across all tasks. The symbol "▲" indicates the usage of external OCR as input.

BibTex and citation info

@article{xiao2023florence,
  title={Florence-2: Advancing a unified representation for a variety of vision tasks},
  author={Xiao, Bin and Wu, Haiping and Xu, Weijian and Dai, Xiyang and Hu, Houdong and Lu, Yumao and Zeng, Michael and Liu, Ce and Yuan, Lu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.06242},
  year={2023}
}