PubMedBERT Embeddings

This is a PubMedBERT-base model fined-tuned using sentence-transformers. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. The training dataset was generated using a random sample of PubMed title-abstract pairs along with similar title pairs.

PubMedBERT Embeddings produces higher quality embeddings than generalized models for medical literature. Further fine-tuning for a medical subdomain will result in even better performance.

Usage (txtai)

This model can be used to build embeddings databases with txtai for semantic search and/or as a knowledge source for retrieval augmented generation (RAG).

import txtai

embeddings = txtai.Embeddings(path="neuml/pubmedbert-base-embeddings", content=True)
embeddings.index(documents())

# Run a query
embeddings.search("query to run")

Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

Alternatively, the model can be loaded with sentence-transformers.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"]

model = SentenceTransformer("neuml/pubmedbert-base-embeddings")
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)

Usage (Hugging Face Transformers)

The model can also be used directly with Transformers.

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch

# Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def meanpooling(output, mask):
    embeddings = output[0] # First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    mask = mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(embeddings * mask, 1) / torch.clamp(mask.sum(1), min=1e-9)

# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted']

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("neuml/pubmedbert-base-embeddings")
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("neuml/pubmedbert-base-embeddings")

# Tokenize sentences
inputs = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    output = model(**inputs)

# Perform pooling. In this case, mean pooling.
embeddings = meanpooling(output, inputs['attention_mask'])

print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(embeddings)